Volume 12 Issue 2

Worldwide, travel to attend international meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions held in business and cosmopolitan cities has a significant importance for the tourism global market, contributing to income diversification for both companies and national economies. In 2022 the global business travel spending accounted 1.03 trillion U.S. dollars, and for 2024 is projected to reach around 1.5 trillion dollars, thus surpassing the pre-Covid pandemic period when the expenditure of business tourists worldwide was 1.43 trillion dollars. Business tourism is considered the most efficient segment of the travel industry, besides the contribution to the growth in gross domestic product, MICE sector positive effects include the mitigation of tourism seasonality, encouraging the growth of business infrastructure – airports, hotels, congress centers and exhibition halls – promotion of tourism destination image and transmission of know-how. Under these circumstances, this paper aims to analyze the main coordinates of business tourism in the global market, namely: the leading business tourism markets, favorite formats of business meetings planned worldwide and the demand for digital services in the exhibition industry worldwide, while also presenting the challenges of business tourism global market development, including the highest-impacting factors on events-related businesses and the investment priorities.

This narrative review article problematises cybersecurity in the higher education sector. It highlights the importance of fostering a continuous training and awareness culture to reduce cyber incidents and threats. Post-COVID-19, universities face increased cyberattack frequency globally, necessitating urgent and effective responses. This study provides an understanding of the role of continuous training and awareness in effectively combating and mitigating cyber threats in higher education institutions (HEIs). This article highlights the pivotal role of user education in cybersecurity. Establishing formal processes to educate students and staff about digital risks and safe information technology practices is crucial. This education extends beyond awareness; it encompasses actionable strategies to secure institutional cyberspace. The findings reveal that although technology can help fight cybercrime, the most effective way to combat these threats lies in comprehensive training and awareness-raising among students and staff within HEIs. The review concludes that continuous training and awareness equip individuals to handle cyber threats better and significantly lower institutional risks. This article contributes to the discourse by offering insights into how HEIs can develop resilient cybersecurity frameworks through focused training and awareness programs, ultimately fostering a safer digital environment in an increasingly interconnected world.